Dysplasia

Dysplasia refers to abnormal development of a joint, most often the hip or elbow in dogs, and in hip dysplasia the femoral head and the joint socket do not fit together properly, creating instability and premature wear that frequently leads to osteoarthritis and pain (WSAVA). Dysplasia has a strong hereditary component, particularly in large and giant breeds, but environmental factors also play a part: too-rapid growth, excess weight in the puppy and unsuitable energy or calcium intake can worsen the risk in a predisposed animal, which gives the growing puppy's nutrition a genuine preventive role (veterinary literature). For large breeds, controlled growth and weight control are recommended, with a suitable calcium-to-phosphorus ratio, and excess weight worsens joint stress at any age. Management combines weight control, suitable activity, sometimes supplements with limited evidence such as [glucosamine](/glossary/glucosamine) and [chondroitin](/glossary/chondroitin), and depending on the case medical or surgical treatment directed by a vet. The marker: diet does not correct the anatomical abnormality, but controlled growth and weight reduce the risk and its impact, and screening breeding animals limits transmission. It connects to the weight-management theme of [overweight](/glossary/overweight) and to [lean body mass](/glossary/lean-body-mass) preservation in the [Petipedia glossary](/glossary).

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General documentary information. For an individual animal, a veterinarian's advice takes precedence over any online content.